Safety & Tolerance

Validated under recognized OECD test guidelines

•Cytotoxicity: no significant effect in B16F10, HaCaT or C2C12 cells up to 50% concentration (MTS assay, 72h)

•Eye irritation: Non-Irritant, “No Category” under UN GHS — OECD TG 492, EpiOcular™ reconstructed corneal model

•Skin irritation: Non-Irritant, “No Category” under UN GHS — OECD TG 439, EpiDerm™ reconstructed skin model

•Non-immunogenic in monocyte cytokine-release assays

Mechanism & Efficacy Data

Antioxidant Protection

In a Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit model, CSEV measurably reduced H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress and free-radical activity. In a separate adipose-derived stem cell model, DMSO-induced oxidative damage was significantly recovered by CsEV treatment at both high and low doses. In head-to-head comparisons, microalgae extracellular vesicles showed better antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect than mammalian- and human-derived exosomes.

Whitening & Tone Correction

In B16F10 melanoma cells stimulated with α-MSH to induce melanogenesis, CsEV significantly reduced melanin synthesis across a dose range of 2–25%, measured 72 hours post-incubation.

Firming & Collagen Support

In human dermal fibroblasts, CsEV significantly increased expression of COL1A2 (Type I collagen) and, in human foreskin fibroblasts, of COL3 (Type III collagen), elastin and fibronectin — the structural proteins responsible for skin elasticity and firmness.

Wound Recovery & Cell Migration

In a HaCaT (human keratinocyte) scratch assay, CsEV-treated cultures closed the wound gap significantly faster than untreated controls over 24 hours, protecting and promoting fibroblast proliferation while accelerating migration across non-open wounds.

Gentle by Design: Non-Immunogenic

Against an LPS-stimulated inflammatory benchmark, CsEV did not trigger significant inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) production in THP-1 monocytes, even at concentrations up to 50%.